A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, an ji wannan labarin a ko'ina daga Massachusetts zuwa Fox News.Har ma makwabci na ya ki cajin motarsa kirar Toyota RAV4 Prime Hybrid saboda abin da ya kira gurgunta farashin makamashi.Babban hujjar ita ce farashin wutar lantarki ya yi tsada ta yadda za su shafe fa’idar yin caji fiye da kima.Wannan ya kai ga dalilin da ya sa mutane da yawa ke sayen motocin lantarki: A cewar Cibiyar Bincike ta Pew, kashi 70 cikin 100 na masu siyan EV sun ce "ajiye kan gas" yana daya daga cikin manyan dalilansu.
Amsar ba ta da sauƙi kamar yadda ake gani.Kawai ƙididdige farashin man fetur da wutar lantarki yaudara ne.Farashin ya bambanta dangane da caja (da jiha).Laifin kowa ya bambanta.Harajin hanya, ragi da ingancin baturi duk suna shafar lissafin ƙarshe.Don haka na tambayi masu bincike a Innovation Energy Innovation, wani tsarin tunani mai tunani wanda ke aiki don lalata masana'antar makamashi, don taimaka min sanin ainihin farashin famfo a cikin duk jihohin 50, ta amfani da bayanan bayanan hukumomin tarayya, AAA da sauransu.Kuna iya ƙarin koyo game da kayan aikin su masu amfani anan.Na yi amfani da wannan bayanan don ɗaukar tafiye-tafiyen zato guda biyu a cikin Amurka don yin hukunci ko gidajen mai za su fi tsada a lokacin rani na 2023.
Idan kun kasance 4 cikin 10 na Amurkawa, kuna la'akari da siyan motar lantarki.Idan kun kasance kamar ni, za ku biya farashi mai yawa.
Matsakaicin motar lantarki ana siyar da dala 4,600 fiye da matsakaicin motar iskar gas, amma ta yawancin asusun, zan adana kuɗi a cikin dogon lokaci.Motocin suna buƙatar ƙananan farashin mai da kula da su — kiyasin tanadi na ɗaruruwan daloli a kowace shekara.Kuma hakan bai yi la’akari da yunƙurin gwamnati da ƙin tafiye-tafiye zuwa gidan mai ba.Amma yana da wuya a tantance ainihin adadi.Matsakaicin farashin galan na fetur yana da sauƙin ƙididdigewa.Daidaita farashin farashi ya ɗan canza kaɗan tun 2010, a cewar Tarayyar Tarayya.Hakanan ya shafi awoyi na kilowatt (kWh) na wutar lantarki.Koyaya, farashin caji ba su da fa'ida sosai.
Kudaden wutar lantarki sun bambanta ba kawai ta jiha ba, har ma da lokacin rana har ma ta hanyar fita.Masu motocin lantarki na iya cajin su a gida ko a wurin aiki, sannan su biya ƙarin cajin gaggawa akan hanya.Wannan ya sa yana da wahala a kwatanta kuɗin da ake kashewa na sake cika wata mota kirar Ford F-150 mai amfani da iskar gas (mota mafi kyawun siyarwa a Amurka tun shekarun 1980) da baturi mai tsawon kilowatt 98 a cikin motar lantarki.Wannan yana buƙatar daidaitaccen zato game da wurin yanki, halin caji, da yadda makamashi a cikin baturi da tanki ke juyawa zuwa kewayo.Irin wannan lissafin sai a buƙaci a yi amfani da azuzuwan abin hawa daban-daban kamar motoci, SUVs da manyan motoci.
Ba mamaki kusan babu mai yin wannan.Amma muna adana lokacinku.Sakamakon ya nuna nawa zaka iya ajiyewa kuma, a lokuta da ba kasafai ba, nawa ba za ka iya ba.Menene sakamakon?A cikin dukkan jihohi 50, yana da arha ga Amurkawa don amfani da na'urorin lantarki a kowace rana, kuma a wasu yankuna, kamar yankin Pacific Northwest, inda farashin wutar lantarki yayi ƙasa da farashin gas, yana da rahusa.A jihar Washington, inda galan na iskar gas ya kai kimanin dala 4.98, wanda ya cika F-150 mai nisan mil 483 ya kai kimanin dala 115.Ta hanyar kwatanta, cajin F-150 Walƙiya (ko Rivian R1T) na nisa iri ɗaya yana kusan $34, ajiyar $80.Wannan yana ɗauka cewa direbobi suna cajin gida 80% na lokaci, kamar yadda Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta ƙiyasta, da sauran zato na hanyoyin a ƙarshen wannan labarin.
Abin da game da sauran matsananci?A Kudu maso Gabas, inda farashin iskar gas da wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa, tanadin ya yi ƙasa kaɗan amma har yanzu yana da mahimmanci.A Mississippi, alal misali, farashin iskar gas na motar daukar kaya na yau da kullun ya kai dala 30 sama da na motar dakon wutar lantarki.Don ƙarami, mafi inganci SUVs da sedans, motocin lantarki na iya adana $20 zuwa $25 a famfo don nisan mil ɗaya.
Matsakaicin Amurkawa yana tafiyar mil 14,000 a shekara kuma yana iya adana kusan dala 700 a shekara ta hanyar siyan SUV na lantarki ko sedan, ko $1,000 a shekara ta hanyar siyan motar daukar kaya, a cewar Innovation Energy.Amma tuƙi kullum abu ɗaya ne.Don gwada wannan samfurin, na gudanar da waɗannan kimantawa yayin balaguron rani biyu a cikin Amurka.
Akwai manyan caja guda biyu da zaka iya samu akan hanya.Caja Level 2 na iya haɓaka kewayo da kusan 30 mph.Farashin kasuwancin da yawa, irin su otal-otal da shagunan kayan abinci waɗanda ke fatan jawo hankalin abokan ciniki, kewayo daga kusan cents 20 a kowace kilowatt-hour zuwa kyauta (Innovation Energy yana nuna kusan cents 10 a kowace kilowatt-hour a cikin ƙididdigan da ke ƙasa).
Caja masu sauri da aka sani da Level 3, waɗanda suke kusan sau 20 cikin sauri, suna iya cajin baturin EV zuwa kusan 80% a cikin mintuna 20 kacal.Amma yawanci farashinsa tsakanin cents 30 zuwa 48 a kowace kilowatt-farashin da na gano daga baya ya yi daidai da farashin mai a wasu wurare.
Don gwada yadda wannan ya yi aiki sosai, na yi tafiya mai nisan mil 408 daga San Francisco zuwa Disneyland a Kudancin Los Angeles.Don wannan tafiya, na zaɓi F-150 da nau'in wutar lantarki, Walƙiya, wanda wani ɓangare ne na shahararren jerin da aka sayar da raka'a 653,957 a bara.Akwai ƙaƙƙarfan gardama game da ƙirƙira nau'ikan wutar lantarki na motocin da ke gusar da iskar gas na Amurka, amma waɗannan ƙididdiga na nufin nuna ainihin abubuwan da Amirkawa ke so.
Nasara, zakara?Kusan babu motocin lantarki.Tunda amfani da caja mai sauri yana da tsada, yawanci sau uku zuwa huɗu ya fi tsada fiye da caji a gida, ajiyar kuɗi kaɗan ne.Na isa wurin shakatawar a cikin wata Walƙiya da ƙarin dala 14 a cikin aljihuna fiye da yadda nake a cikin motar gas.Idan da na yanke shawarar tsayawa tsayi a otal ko gidan cin abinci ta amfani da caja Level 2, da na ajiye $57.Wannan yanayin yana da gaskiya ga ƙananan motoci kuma: Tesla Model Y crossover ya ceci $ 18 da $ 44 a kan tafiya mai nisan mil 408 ta amfani da caja Level 3 da Level 2, bi da bi, idan aka kwatanta da cika da gas.
Idan ana maganar hayaki, motocin lantarki sun yi nisa.Motocin lantarki suna fitar da kasa da kashi uku na hayaki a kowace mil na motocin mai kuma suna samun tsabta kowace shekara.Haɗin wutar lantarki na Amurka yana fitar da kusan fam ɗaya na carbon na kowace kilowatt na wutar lantarki da ake samarwa, a cewar Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka.Zuwa 2035, Fadar White House tana son kawo wannan lambar kusa da sifili.Wannan yana nufin cewa F-150 na yau da kullun yana fitar da iskar gas sau biyar fiye da walƙiya.Model na Tesla Y yana fitar da fam 63 na iskar gas yayin tuƙi, idan aka kwatanta da fiye da fam 300 ga duk motocin na yau da kullun.
Koyaya, ainihin gwajin shine tafiya daga Detroit zuwa Miami.Tuki ta Tsakiyar Yamma daga Babban Mota ba mafarkin motar lantarki bane.Wannan yanki yana da mafi ƙanƙanta ƙimar ikon mallakar motocin lantarki a Amurka.Babu caja da yawa.Farashin man fetur yayi kadan.Wutar lantarki ya fi datti.Don ƙara rashin daidaito, na yanke shawarar kwatanta Toyota Camry da Chevrolet Bolt na lantarki, duka motoci masu inganci waɗanda ke rufe gibin farashin mai.Don yin la'akari da tsarin farashin kowace jiha, na auna nisan mil 1,401 a cikin dukkan jihohin shida, tare da farashin wutar lantarki da hayakin da suke fitarwa.
Idan na cika a gida ko a tashar mai na Class 2 mai arha ta kasuwanci a hanya (wanda ba zai yuwu ba), Bolt EV ya kasance mai rahusa don cikawa: $41 da $142 na Camry.Amma caji mai sauri yana ba da ma'auni a cikin yardar Camry.Yin amfani da caja Level 3, lissafin wutar lantarki mai siyarwa don tafiya mai ƙarfin baturi shine $ 169, wanda shine $ 27 fiye da tafiya mai ƙarfin gas.To sai dai kuma, idan ana maganar hayakin iskar gas, Bolt na kan gaba, inda hayakin kai tsaye ya kai kashi 20 cikin 100 na ajin.
Ina mamakin dalilin da ya sa wadanda ke adawa da tattalin arzikin abin hawa lantarki suka zo ga irin wannan sakamako daban-daban?Don yin wannan, na tuntuɓi Patrick Anderson, wanda kamfanin ba da shawara na Michigan yana aiki kowace shekara tare da masana'antar mota don kimanta farashin motocin lantarki.Ana ci gaba da gano cewa yawancin motocin lantarki sun fi tsadar man fetur.
Anderson ya gaya mani cewa yawancin masana tattalin arziki suna watsi da farashin da ya kamata a haɗa a cikin ƙididdige farashin caji: harajin jihohi akan motocin lantarki da ke maye gurbin harajin gas, farashin caja na gida, asarar watsawa lokacin caji (kimanin kashi 10), da kuma wani lokacin farashin ya wuce gona da iri .gidajen mai na jama'a suna da nisa.A cewarsa, farashi kadan ne, amma na gaske.Tare suka ba da gudummawa wajen haɓaka motocin mai.
Ya kiyasta cewa yana da ƙasa da tsada don cika motar mai mai matsakaicin farashi—kimanin dala 11 a kowace mil 100, idan aka kwatanta da $13 zuwa $16 na motar lantarki mai kama da ita.Banda motocin alatu, saboda ba su da inganci kuma suna kona man fetur mai ƙima."Motocin lantarki suna da ma'ana mai yawa ga masu siye na tsakiya," in ji Anderson."Wannan shine inda muke ganin mafi girman tallace-tallace, kuma ba abin mamaki bane."
Sai dai masu sukar sun ce kiyasin Anderson ya wuce gona da iri ko kuma ya yi watsi da zato mai mahimmanci: Binciken kamfaninsa ya yi nuni da cewa masu motocin lantarki suna amfani da tashoshin cajin jama'a masu tsada kusan kashi 40% na lokaci (Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta kiyasta asarar kusan kashi 20%).Tashoshin cajin jama'a kyauta a cikin nau'in "haraji na kadarorin, koyarwa, farashin kayan masarufi, ko nauyi akan masu saka hannun jari" da yin watsi da tallafin gwamnati da masana'antu.
Anderson ya amsa da cewa bai dauki nauyin 40% na gwamnati ba, amma ya tsara yanayin yanayi guda biyu, yana ɗaukar "na gida na musamman" da "kasuwanci na farko" (wanda ya haɗa da kuɗin kasuwanci a cikin 75% na lokuta).Har ila yau, ya kare farashin caja na kasuwanci "kyauta" da aka ba wa gundumomi, jami'o'i da kasuwanci saboda "waɗannan ayyuka ba su da kyauta, amma dole ne a biya su ta hanyar mai amfani ta wata hanya, ko da kuwa ko an haɗa su cikin harajin dukiya , koyarwa. kudade ko a'a.farashin mabukaci” ko nauyi akan masu saka hannun jari."
A ƙarshe, ƙila ba za mu taɓa yarda kan farashin mai da abin hawan lantarki ba.Wataƙila ba komai.Ga direbobin yau da kullun a Amurka, man fetur ɗin motar lantarki ya riga ya zama arha a mafi yawan lokuta, kuma ana sa ran zai zama mai rahusa yayin da ƙarfin makamashin da za a iya sabuntawa ya faɗaɗa kuma motocin ke daɗa inganci.,A farkon wannan shekarar, ana sa ran jerin farashin wasu motocin masu amfani da wutar lantarki zai yi kasa fiye da kwatankwacin motocin mai, kuma kiyasin jimillar kudin da ake kashewa wajen mallakar motoci (masu kula da man fetur da sauran tsadar rayuwa a tsawon rayuwar motar) sun nuna cewa motocin lantarki sun riga sun fara aiki. mai rahusa.
Bayan haka, na ji kamar akwai wata lamba da ta ɓace: ƙimar zamantakewar carbon.Wannan kiyasi ne mai tsauri na barnar da aka yi ta hanyar ƙara wani tan na carbon a cikin yanayi, da suka haɗa da mutuwar zafi, ambaliya, gobarar daji, gazawar amfanin gona da sauran asarar da ke da alaƙa da ɗumamar yanayi.
Masu bincike sun yi kiyasin cewa kowane galan na iskar gas yana fitar da kusan fam 20 na carbon dioxide zuwa cikin sararin samaniya, kwatankwacin kusan centi 50 na lalacewar yanayin galan.Yin la'akari da abubuwan da ke waje kamar cunkoson ababen hawa, hatsarori da gurɓacewar iska, albarkatun don makomar an kiyasta a cikin 2007 cewa farashin lalacewa ya kusan dala 3 akan galan.
Tabbas, ba lallai ne ku biya wannan kuɗin ba.Motocin lantarki kadai ba za su magance wannan matsalar ba.Don cimma wannan, muna buƙatar ƙarin birane da al'ummomi inda zaku iya ziyartar abokai ko siyan kayan abinci ba tare da mota ba.Amma motocin lantarki suna da mahimmanci don kiyaye yanayin zafi ƙasa da ma'aunin Celsius 2.Madadin farashin da ba za ku iya watsi da shi ba.
An ƙididdige farashin man fetur na motocin lantarki da mai don nau'ikan abin hawa uku: motoci, SUVs da manyan motoci.Duk bambance-bambancen abin hawa sune ƙirar 2023 tushe.Dangane da bayanan Hukumar Babban Titin Tarayya na shekarar 2019, an kiyasta matsakaicin adadin mil da direbobi ke tukawa a kowace shekara mil 14,263.Ga duk abin hawa, kewayon, nisan nisan, da bayanan fitar da hayaki ana ɗaukar su daga gidan yanar gizon Fueleconomy.gov na Hukumar Kare Muhalli.Farashin iskar gas ya dogara ne akan bayanan Yuli 2023 daga AAA.Don motocin lantarki, ana ƙididdige matsakaicin adadin sa'o'in kilowatt da ake buƙata don cikakken caji bisa girman baturi.Wuraren caja sun dogara ne akan binciken Ma'aikatar Makamashi wanda ke nuna cewa kashi 80% na caji yana faruwa a gida.Tun daga shekarar 2022, Hukumar Bayanin Makamashi ta Amurka ce ke samar da farashin wutar lantarki.Sauran kashi 20% na caji yana faruwa ne a tashoshin cajin jama'a, kuma farashin wutar lantarki ya dogara ne akan farashin wutar lantarki da Electrify America ta buga a kowace jiha.
Waɗannan ƙididdigan ba su haɗa da kowane zato game da jimillar farashin mallaka ba, kuɗin haraji na EV, kuɗin rajista, ko farashin aiki da kulawa.Har ila yau, ba ma tsammanin kowane tariffs masu alaƙa da EV, rangwamen cajin EV ko caji kyauta, ko farashin tushen lokaci don EVs.
Lokacin aikawa: Jul-04-2024